Depth charge

Greg Wyatt • May 16, 2024

As I sit here typing away at my keyboard, I know full well how words appear on my screen.

First I type with a satisfactory clunk on a mechanical keyboard.

Signals travel from each key through the USB cable into my laptop.

Tiny elves transport the signals via miniature paintbrushe… wait.

Oh, never mind, I don’t really need to know how it works, it works well enough.

Until something goes wrong, and turning it off then turning it on again doesn’t do its job.

Time to get the experts in.


This is the Illusion of Explanatory Depth - our belief that we understand the world more fully than we do.

Until we’re asked to explain its workings and find the limit of our understanding.

Until things go wrong and it’s on us to fix them.


It’s a definition that has an important place in recruitment.

Especially for hiring processes that think they know how to recruit, yet aren’t accountable for their part if things go wrong.

Where there isn’t sufficient knowledge to ask the right questions, to get to the root of what happened, and find solutions to problems not known to exist.

Typically represented by the assumptions such as ‘all recruiters are the same’, ‘adverts don’t work’, ‘we give a great candidate experience’, and all that jazz.


“We work with specialist recruiters.”

What is a specialism in recruitment?

Is it knowledge of a market vertical, where your expertise can probe to establish what right is and bring them forward for the right reason?

Is it doing the same type of vacancy over and over, where you obtain a density of keywords, without the wherewithal to ask substantial questions?

Is it horizontal expertise in recruitment marketing, copywriting, consultation and advocacy?

If you rely on the specialism of your recruiters, how do you challenge their expertise to see if they specialise in how you need, not what you think you want?


“We provide an excellent candidate experience.”

To whom do you provide that?

Is it the type of candidate who you may wish to employ?

Is it suitable applicants who aren’t right for your vacancy?

Is it unsuitable applicants who see themselves as a candidate for employment?

Is it the people you’d love to employ, who actively chose not to engage, sometimes without you being aware of them?

Is it the people you’d love to employ, who you haven’t discovered, and who can’t discover you?

If the answer isn’t yes to all, and you aren’t measuring it, how good a candidate experience are you actually giving?

Clue: “If you don’t hear from us within one week, please assume you were unsuccessful,” means you can’t provide a holistically good candidate experience.

What impact will that have?


“There are no USPs in recruitment”

A unique sales proposition. Is that so?

What is it that we are selling? Is it CVs? Is it a CV database? Is it candidates (and what is a candidate)? Is it process? Is it philosophy?

Is it automation in the guise of AI? Is it more, quicker, better? Is it fewer, more accurately, more specifically?

Is it fill rate? Is it retention? Performance beyond expectation?

How does that matter for your recruitment?

What problems do they solve for you?

Are your problems unique to you, in which case shouldn’t it matter what service you buy from a recruiter?

And if your problems are unique, how are you assessing which recruiters are suited if their proposition isn’t both unique and uniquely aligned to your problems?


“Adverts don’t work”

Is that so? What evidence do you have to show this?

Is it the evidence of your applications? The evidence of candidate availability in your marketplace compared to market conditions?

An analysis of employer-centric ( inside out) adverts vs candidate-centric (outside in) adverts?

Do your adverts give candidates reasons to get in touch, let alone apply?

I can’t speak for anyone else, but my adverts fill around half of my roles, including skills short and ‘passive’/'‘problem unaware’ candidates.

While this post shared by Mitch Sullivan shows an A/B test for how language affects advert performance.

And given an advert doesn’t just mean a message shared above-the-line on a job board, but also those below-the-line in DMs, emails and phone calls, I’d be worried by anyone who claims they don’t work, without evidence it isn’t them at fault.

How do you know there aren’t buyers if you don’t actively sell through your words?

Do they know how adverts work, to say that they don’t?


“70% of candidates don’t apply to adverts”

Or whatever the latest stat is, to support the passive candidate argument. But is that even the right argument, considering an effectively written advert, in the right place, can appeal to passive readers?

These are my thoughts.

And if passive isn’t the right term, how about problem awareness?

Or how about people who are problem unaware one day, and problem aware the next, when they are sacked by Zoom through no fault of their own?

Are these people who then wouldn’t apply to adverts?

What’s holding people back from applying? Is it status, awareness, or a reaction to what they read?

While if people don’t apply to adverts, why might they respond instead to a message, attractive or otherwise?

Or could it be a good thing, not to advertise, given the 200 good candidates who applied across 3 vacancies last week, with over 1,000 applications? Would a headhunt be less work, with the same outcome of filling those vacancies?

Isn’t the better question to ask where the candidates are that are likely to be suited to a vacancy, than talk about whether they might apply for a job?

Given the crux of marketing is the right place, alongside the right person, the right time, the right offer and the right message.


“AI can’t replace the human side of recruitment”

But what is AI? Is it automation dressed up as intelligence?

Is it technology now, in the public domain, which changed again yesterday with 4o?

Is it technology that is being worked on, under the guise of Moore’s law, that is ready but not released?

Is it the aggregation of different automation across the recruitment lifecycle that, if implemented well, provides a better experience for its users - candidates?

What is the human side anyway? Is it trust? We trust our devices with no end of sensitive data as we doomscroll our feeds and subscribe to another app.

Is it contextual insight? Perhaps so right now, but if AI becomes intelligent why couldn’t it gain that straightforwardly, given technology is iterative and can only get better?

Is that a genuine statement to rely on, or are we Blockbuster when we didn’t buy Netflix in 2000?

Development - release - implementation - adoption - entrenchment. There are yards to go before we even know what we are dealing with.


I don’t think the Valley of Despair was the right term for me sliding down from Mount Stupid.

It’s an exhilarating ride to discover all the things you don’t know and unpick the things you thought you did.

It starts with understanding there are no elves - only key press triggering circuit closure, sending a unique scan code to the computer for character translation and display.

And when you blow up illusory depth, there are learning opportunities, to get better at what we do, by cutting past assumptions and leaning into what we don’t know.

If you want to fix your keyboard that is.

Regards,

Greg

By Greg Wyatt • November 12, 2026
While 2027 remains surprisingly far away, with plenty of time to start applications, attend interviews, gain an acceptable job offer and even start work, I'm already thinking about the biannual update to A Career Breakdown Kit. Only, nothing's really changed in terms of what might affect the steps you take, overall, since the last update, so any changes are likely to only be minor. This might surprise you, if you feel that AI has increasingly eaten into how applications are administered and assessed. While the changes that are actually happening make the treatise of this article more important, which is to look at how recruitment actually happens in informing your strategy. Changes that may not be widespread but are emerging - deprioritising advertising roles in favor of sourcing (looking for candidates), because of the volume of applications; adding extra friction into applications, penalising relevant candidates because of AI applications made automatically; even discounting applications wholesale if they come from they are sent by a mass-apply service. I do see people regularly showcasing features of various ATSs over the years that seem to show automated rejections, yet these features rarely worked well, and haven't changed much in two decades. As I mentioned to Martyn, at a recent Recruitment Technology standards launch in the UK, "it doesn't matter how good the technology layer is, if the human layer is the problem". Martyn Redstone is Head of Responsible AI at Warden, and I'm fortunate that he will be joining me and Simon Ward on a LinkedIn Live as we discuss what this topic means for job seekers. I'll update this newsletter with the event when it's live. In the meanwhile, Martyn is well worth following to understand what's actually happening with AI in recruitment. It's still important to acknowledge the poor experiences job seekers have, and to try and shed light on what is happening, in what I call: 6 - De Facto Automated Rejection and You When there’s any discussion over Beat the Bots, job seekers often assume they are unfairly treated, while people from the recruitment profession deny it happens at all - “that’s not how the ATS works”, “we don’t use AI that way”, and so on. The best objection I see to the common recruiter stance is, “What does it matter how we are rejected, if we were never fairly considered?” That question is the heart of this chapter and, to answer it, I need to propose a new term: De facto automated rejection. Definition: where an element of a recruitment process leads to an application being either rejected or not considered, irrespective of capability, contribution, or potential alignment. That may sound an awful lot like Automated Rejection, yet it isn’t the same thing. Examples: No application after number 100 considered Illegal discrimination Legal discrimination - location, salary, industry, qualification, etc - legally permissible decisions driven by assumption Relying on configured ranking within an ATS to prioritise applications Not considering candidates who aren't picked up by a Boolean search (sourcing) Filter questions at advert stage (e.g. do you have a work permit?) Applying after the vacancy is at interview stage And many more All de facto automated rejections have one thing in common, and it isn’t automation - it’s human decision-making, including shortcuts and assumptions. Some of those examples above are cited when talking about auto-rejects. However, these are all consequences of human intervention and the choice not to intervene. There are an increasing number of AI products that automate these steps, with the requirement of human oversight - I've yet to speak to a recruiter that wholly relies on them, and few who don't view every application. This is one reason why ATS Compliance and Beat the Bots are a red herring. The advice fails not because it’s wrong, but because it optimises the wrong layer. The system is only a component in the process, governed by humans. If you misdiagnose de facto automated rejection as a technical problem, you’ll keep trying to outsmart systems instead of changing how you’re seen, found, and prioritised by people. Understanding how recruiters handle their process and giving them what they need in an application has to take priority. While the same steps that “optimise human compliance” are implicitly system-compliant. The challenge is that human compliance relies on what makes us individual: our skill level, our insight, our psychology, our biases, our resources and the time available to us. As well as how you navigate these. Without forgetting that we are people like you, often trying to do too much with too little. It’s no wonder our frustrations mirror yours, with the difference that we earn a salary for our experiences. ATS Compliance feels more comfortable, because it gives a clear direction, even if it’s the wrong one. It is true we use filters and keywords to prioritise how our applications are presented to us. We do the same when we look for candidates, whether on LinkedIn, job boards, our ATS or other means. All this does is present results in a way that allows us to spend more attention on those that meet the criteria we have set. When we review those results, the way that information is presented informs whether we progress them or not. To be human compliant, your application has to be discoverable, then it has to convert interest. Fail on either front and you’ll either be rejected or you won’t hear at all. If humans are the reasons you are rejected for reasons unrelated to capability or contribution... well, I think that’s rather more problematic than technology. Beat the Bots and ATS Compliance aren’t just a red herring - they can actively hold you back. Because they place the wrong priority by presenting a strategy, rather than simple hygiene. Your wider strategy should encompass far more than applications - getting found, starting conversations, doorknocking, networking and all these other opportunities that can get you closer to a job: These are fundamentally covered in a human compliance strategy. I just happened to call it A Career Breakdown Kit instead, with how to do these in Parts 2 and 3. I realise this may create a feeling of overwhelm, when you realise there is much more to a better application than the transactional steps of ATS compliance. Yet these same steps will improve every aspect of your job search and some are straightforward to take - go to www.bwrecruitment.co.uk/resources for the free CV template that is an easy starting point. 
By Greg Wyatt • November 11, 2026
I've written many variations on the article below, over the years, and it seems sensible to revisit given the UK government's announcements around salary transparency. On the whole, I'm for it, with the many advantages it brings. But like a lot of things in recruitment, there is a more involved discussion to be had, especially when this fix treats the symptoms, not the rot. That's not to say the fix isn't worth doing, just that it won't fix many of the problems underlying a lack of transparency. This article is a little dated, in terms of the research shared, but I think the points are as relevant as ever. Originally published May 2023 Salary on the Job Description? Yes, the headline is trolling. The question should be ‘salary on the job advert?’ You wouldn’t confuse a job description with an advert, would you? This is a subject rife with disagreement around ethics and practicality, and worth broaching again considering recent campaigns in the UK to increase salary transparency and ban the ‘what’s your current salary?’ question. Let’s focus on some practicalities first, based on UK research I ran last year for my “Accessing a Candidate Short Market” guide:  Job boards can penalise you for not listing salary. As of December 2021, Totaljobs penalises adverts that don’t list salary, and these aren’t sent out as job alerts to candidates (who may be passive). These adverts are considered sub-standard. Unlisted salaries attract fewer qualified applications. This was estimated to be between 20% and 45% fewer, across the job boards I talked to. LinkedIn reported that not only can you expect more applications, you may also expect better-qualified applications when the salary is advertised. My work supporting senior job seekers confirms this - many would not apply to adverts that had no salary or "competitive salary" because they felt this was a waste of their time. There is less emphasis on salary negotiation from the candidate side, due to transparency in pay. This is a key part of equity, relating to gender, race and intersectional identity. According to Payscale 's research, white men are most likely to negotiate the highest salary. It’s simple – if you advertise vacancies and don’t list salary, you risk receiving fewer, less suitable applications. Then there’s the ethical question, where a common argument is that there is ‘no ethical reason that salaries can’t be listed’. Now, while I’m a proponent for advertising salaries, where possible, I think this ethical argument isn’t the right one - ‘can’t be’ is a strong statement. I think a better question is ‘how does this do harm’ when establishing reasons for not listing salary. This balances pragmatism with the most important aspect of ethics. It can be a complicated question too in scenarios like this: How do you establish salary transparency for job families across multiple regions where the local pay is established by HQ in one country? Currency exchange rates and cost of living mean that a fair salary one day may not be the next, therefore flexibility in not listing salary may be ethically the right thing to do if the intent is right. What about new vacancies that serve to solve a business problem and can be recruited at different levels? What about practical situations like recruiting hard-to-fill vacancies during a wider redundancy programme, whereby listing a salary would create concern in unrelated areas of that unsettled business? It's not always as simple a question as we’d like to think. If you’re facing a complex situation in advertising a role, I recommend describing your stance in the advert itself, if you legitimately can’t state the salary. At the same time, as we’ve seen in the US, legislation to enforce salary transparency creates situations such as Netflix apparently advertising a range of $90-900k. Who does that help? The problem with this kind of legislation is that companies can comply while continuing the behaviour that led to the legislation in the first place. It’s palliative, rather than treating unfairness at its root. We should also consider the unforeseen consequence of salary transparency, such as this research which appears to show a reduced link between performance and pay: Influence of Pay Transparency Helping candidates negotiate better pay or terms is a privilege I enjoy. And there's more to understanding someone's existing remuneration than simply establishing whether they can afford to move. Sometimes these conversations reveal that someone is being underpaid. With evidence of what their experience and contribution might command elsewhere, they can go back to their current employer and make the case for a pay rise. That might mean they decide not to move at all. Which is a perfectly good outcome for them, even if it isn't for the vacancy in the short term. It also opens up the counteroffer conversation early. If their employer could resolve the reason they're considering leaving, I'd rather understand that before they accept an offer elsewhere. There's a benefit for prospective employers too. A new employer may budget £52,000 for a role, believing that to be market rate, based on historic data. But if conversations with suitably experienced candidates reveal that their existing remuneration, expectations and other opportunities consistently indicate otherwise, there's good reason to revise either the budget or the requirements. If that budget does prove unrealistic, and it's the same budget other team members are measured against, it can also create the argument to revisit everyone's salaries - subject to affordability, of course. After all, it's cheaper to retain fairly paid staff with all the knowledge they have than to replace them. Of course, conversations with candidates aren't a substitute for proper salary benchmarking. But they can reveal problems that wouldn't otherwise be apparent. There are also situations where understanding the whole package matters. What if someone currently receives a 16% pension contribution and moves to a role offering a 10% pay rise but only a 5% pension? Car allowances, RSUs, tax-efficient packages? Remuneration is a more involved conversation than simply salary. And none of this means someone's existing salary should determine what they're worth to their next employer. If their previous salary was unfair, using it to determine their next salary risks perpetuating that unfairness. And if an employer routinely offers a 15% increase on previous earnings, the new salary may have little relationship to the contribution that person can make. It makes sense to pay commensurately with contribution and capability, rather than what may be irrelevant history. So I understand the reasons for wanting to ban questions about previous salary. They're often used badly. But I think there's an important distinction between asking to establish someone's worth and asking to understand their circumstances. One can perpetuate unfairness. The other can help identify and correct it. If legislation restricts these conversations, I'll adapt how I offer this support. But I'd hope any restrictions recognise the difference between using salary history to determine an offer and voluntarily discussing remuneration to help someone make better decisions. I hope you’ve found these thoughts helpful to start a broader conversation in your business. My thoughts aren’t set in stone, so please let me know your opinions if you disagree. Thanks for reading. Regards, Greg p.s. While you are here, if you like the idea of improving how you recruit, lack capacity or need better candidates, and are curious how I can help, these are my services: Commercial, operational and technical leadership recruitment Manage part or all of your recruitment on an individually designed basis for one client Outplacement support Email me on greg.wyatt@bwrecruitment.co.uk if you'd like to discuss.