Interview preparation

Greg Wyatt • June 5, 2024

I see a lot of advice on how to perform well at interview.

Typically it relates to STAR (situation task action results), CARL (context action results learning) or another derivation of this storytelling framework.

However, this advice typically stands on its own and can set you adrift if you don’t have the right anchor:

Preparation.

Before we get into prep, it’s helpful to start from first principles. Bear with me, as I go into:

  1. The what and why of interviews

  2. The goals of interviewers

  3. The real reason you interview

  4. How you can prepare with these in mind

Next week is about the interview itself, and the following final part will be on what happens after the 1st interview.


  1. The what and why of interviews

The goal of any interview process is to

  • understand how a candidate will perform in a role,

  • what they will be like to work with

  • how likely they are to stick around long enough for the employer to see a suitable return on investment

  • assess these points against other candidates being interviewed

Every employer has different priorities in assessing the points, different ways of conducting interviews and different strategies for how the process is run.

The problem is that, from the outside in, it’s hard to tell what to expect, when initial communications are broadly similar.

Transparency helps and is a great way to build trust, yet few employers do this.

If you were to know in advance that you are one of 25 people being screened by a panel on Teams, how would that affect your preparation compared to being one of 3?

Like a lot of things in recruitment, gaining insight into the what and why of any interview process should inform your strategy.


Typically employers won’t include agency interviews as part of their interview process, though I’m sure you might.

Indeed an employer might feel they only do a 2-stage process that is quite efficient, yet how would you feel if you encountered:

  • Application to agency advert

  • Registration with agency

  • Agency screening

  • Qualification call with TA Advisor at employer

  • Numerical and verbal reasoning test

  • 1st interview with hiring manager

  • 2nd interview stage comprising 4 separate calls with stakeholders around the world

  • Psychometrics

  • Quick chat with the CEO

  • Debrief with the hiring manager?

That’s off the top of my head. The worst I’ve heard was a 17-stage interview process!

One of my former clients (who shut up shop in the UK a few years back) regularly used to run 7 or 8 interview stages, yet they are a great company to work for.

I wouldn’t assume employers are necessarily ‘bad’ if this information isn’t available, or if their process is as bloated as this article.


  1. The goals of interviewers

The goal of any interview process is to select the best suitable candidate.

However that isn’t necessarily the goal of any individual interview or interviewer.

Goals can be dictated by a number of elements, such as number of candidates or differing views of stakeholders.

These goals can be anything from:

  • Checking broad suitability before progressing to decision makers

  • Looking for reasons to discount candidates from a volume process

  • Wanting to look credible to higher-ups in who is presented

  • Assessing cultural fit or technical capability

  • Investigating concerns or doubts

  • Confirming a decision

Interviews can also move from ‘recruitment and selection’ to ‘recruitment and elimination’ the closer you get to the end of a process.

This is particularly the case if candidates are very close in overall capability - if you can’t find a clear reason to say yes, are there any reasons you can discount a candidate?

This is one reason why ‘industry knowledge’ can become a problem at final stage, when it wasn’t earlier.

Sometimes there may even be unsavoury behaviour, such as asking you to provide a business plan in a presentation, when they have no intent to hire - free consulting!

Or it might be they want another young white male Arsenal-loving face to fit with their culture.

However, if you are in an interview process, you should assume they have good intent, while the decisions made on you are out of your control.

All you can do is influence their view through your approach.


Given there is such a huge variety in interview philosophy, purpose, strategy, process and execution it can be tempting to second guess everything and overcomplicate your part in it.

However, I’d go the other way and simplify it to what you can control.

Interviews are your opportunity to show the employer why you are interested in them, how you will contribute, how you will solve their problems, and what you are like in a professional setting.

Unless you are clearly told what to expect, it doesn’t matter so much what tricks employers will have up their sleeves.

Because if you’ve put your best foot forward, in a way that is professionally authentic, that’s the best way to maximise your odds.


  1. The real reason you interview

Interviews can and should be a two-way process that gives you transparent information and enables an objective decision about whether this vacancy is the right move.

Interviews aren’t always though are they?

You might think that getting the job is your goal.

The real reason to interview is to establish as early as possible every non-negotiable reason why you shouldn’t take the job.

This means you do what you can to be the candidate of choice, for the right reasons, and if there are no non-negotiable no’s at the end of the process, you can accept the offer put forward.

That might sound like a strange contortion of the goal of getting the job.

The nuance is this:

You want to be able to be the person who says no, if you have to, rather than have them say no for you.

And because many parts of the interview process are out of your control, such as their decisions, you have to play the game to maximise your odds of winning.


  1. How you can prepare with these in mind

There are broadly six types of preparation you can do for an interview:

i) Ensure you portray yourself in a way that has meaning to the interviewer

ii) Keeping abreast of general industry and professional news related to your work

iii) The company, its people, its offering, its industry and its market

iv) Give the interview what it needs

v) How you can deliver on the role requirements

vi) Why you want the job, or at least to work at the company

The first two are ongoing preparations that serve every interview process.

The rest are mainly application-specific.


4.i) Ensure you portray yourself in a way that has meaning to the interviewer

One of the key pitfalls in recruitment, whether you are a job seeker or employer, is the valuable information you have trapped in your head that will help the other see you as a viable candidate.

Don’t forget we aren’t mind readers, so how can you give meaning to why you are a great candidate?

I’m going to cheat a little here and recommend you read through Principles of a Good CV.

Not because you should repeat your CV verbatim, but because it’s a distillation of your candidacy written for the reader. And a reminder of how you can help.

You should be an expert on yourself, who can draw on your achievements readily.

Get a friend to ask you questions on your CV, someone who isn’t an expert in your domain, and see how they react to your answers.

While you might hope interviewers have technical insight in your areas of specialism, you will inevitably come across people who in the process who aren’t.

For example an HR practitioner may be involved as a steward for their culture, and to ensure you are interviewed fairly - should you expect them to understand jargon? And how might that work against you?

If you are fortunate enough to get interviews regularly, you can treat these as practice and the real thing. Watch how interviewers respond to what you say, and reflect on it afterwards. How can you give better meaning?

Unfortunately, interviewing is a skill, so it’s likely one you will have to learn by going through the mill if it isn’t natural to your personality.

Fortunately, it’s the same journey for most, so over time your skill will develop past newer jobseekers.

The mistake many people assume is that this is a sales skill and needs to project confidence, but unless the role involves sales, the requirement is actually only to be your best professional self, and show what you are like to work with.

Given that’s what you are like at work on a good day, it’s an achievable goal.

This is prep you should do before any interview and is both an anchor to your candidacy and a reminder of why you can be great at what you do.


4.ii) Keeping abreast of general industry and professional news related to your work

For anyone interested in continuous professional development this should be a natural endeavour.

Yet it’s easy to fall into the trap of not doing so, when you are between jobs, or busy with other priorities.

Given what’s going on in the near-outside world of your profession impacts your profession, I’d recommend you take a bit of time every week to keep updated.

It may even help with interviewing, showing the currency of your expertise.


4.iii) The company, its people, its offering, its industry and its market

I wrote a series, recently, on negotiation in recruitment, comparing notes with the excellent ‘Never Split the Difference’ by Chris Voss.

One of the pillars of good negotiation is to gain as full an understanding of the situation as possible.

If you want to negotiate a successful interview, one where you’re seen as the right candidate, doing so is an advantage.

There are many resources available:

  • Their website

  • Their other vacancies

  • Their industry news

  • Media relations

  • Youtube

  • Endole / TechCrunch

  • Local resources like Cambridge Network and Business Weekly (you can guess what this is local for!)

  • LinkedIn to get a feel for their organisational structure

  • LinkedIn for information on the interviewers (why not connect and say hi)

  • LinkedIn for their content, which might give hidden insight to their attitudes

  • LinkedIn for past employees (what can they tell you?)

  • Glass door / indeed / trustpilot / google reviews - what does this say about customer and candidate experiences?

I’d recommend reading Never Split the Difference - while it’s geared towards commercial negotiations and hostage-taking, Voss’ view is that everything is a negotiation, and I found it insightful comparing my own experiences.

You can also read my articles on gregwyatt.substack.com/archive. The first one is called Rule of Three.

Every industry and company will have their own priorities in an interview - keep this in mind, particularly if you’re transitioning into a new domain.

Someone with only private sector experience might be quite surprised by the needs of a civil service recruitment process, but information is typically available to help you prepare.


4.iv) Give the interview what it needs

Every interview has its own priority, some of which will articulate specific needs.

If you want to stay in a legitimate interview process, give the employer what they ask for.

You may think presentations, on-site meetings, psychometrics, etc are worthless, but if they are non-negotiable for the employer, they are a requirement to fulfil.

You don’t have to play the game; if you choose to, play to win.


4.v) How you can deliver on the role requirements

I always come back to the notion that we have to help our stakeholders understand how we can help them.

It’s no different in an interview.

Analyse what you can of their role, and think about the achievements you have, the problems you’ve solved, and the outcomes you’ve reached - in reflection of their needs.

It’s worth qualifying this in the interview too - more on this next week - so you can tailor your answers.

While this is role-specific preparation it is also related to point i) above - the answers are within.


4.vi) Why you want the job, or at least to work at the company

I expect most people who’ve been out of work for a while simply want a way to make ends meet.

Yet I wouldn’t recommend using this as an answer at an interview.

Indeed, most employers have an inclination to candidates who have reason to want to work for them specifically.

Take time to understand your reasons that relate to the job or company. What about them appeals to you?

This is the answer to give.

If the only reason you’re applying is because it is a job, how can you truthfully frame your answer to make it about them?

“I really enjoy the role of a <job title> especially around <essential requirements>” with examples from their job description - might be crude, but it’s more effective than

“I need to buy dinner on Friday”, no matter how true that is.

It can be a deciding factor in a tight process.


Next week is about delivering the interview.

Tactical points to present your best self, how STAR/CARL are storytelling frameworks, why that’s more important than just answering the question, and how you can stand out from the crowd through strategic questions.

Thanks for reading.

Regards,

Greg

By Greg Wyatt • November 12, 2026
While 2027 remains surprisingly far away, with plenty of time to start applications, attend interviews, gain an acceptable job offer and even start work, I'm already thinking about the biannual update to A Career Breakdown Kit. Only, nothing's really changed in terms of what might affect the steps you take, overall, since the last update, so any changes are likely to only be minor. This might surprise you, if you feel that AI has increasingly eaten into how applications are administered and assessed. While the changes that are actually happening make the treatise of this article more important, which is to look at how recruitment actually happens in informing your strategy. Changes that may not be widespread but are emerging - deprioritising advertising roles in favor of sourcing (looking for candidates), because of the volume of applications; adding extra friction into applications, penalising relevant candidates because of AI applications made automatically; even discounting applications wholesale if they come from they are sent by a mass-apply service. I do see people regularly showcasing features of various ATSs over the years that seem to show automated rejections, yet these features rarely worked well, and haven't changed much in two decades. As I mentioned to Martyn, at a recent Recruitment Technology standards launch in the UK, "it doesn't matter how good the technology layer is, if the human layer is the problem". Martyn Redstone is Head of Responsible AI at Warden, and I'm fortunate that he will be joining me and Simon Ward on a LinkedIn Live as we discuss what this topic means for job seekers. I'll update this newsletter with the event when it's live. In the meanwhile, Martyn is well worth following to understand what's actually happening with AI in recruitment. It's still important to acknowledge the poor experiences job seekers have, and to try and shed light on what is happening, in what I call: 6 - De Facto Automated Rejection and You When there’s any discussion over Beat the Bots, job seekers often assume they are unfairly treated, while people from the recruitment profession deny it happens at all - “that’s not how the ATS works”, “we don’t use AI that way”, and so on. The best objection I see to the common recruiter stance is, “What does it matter how we are rejected, if we were never fairly considered?” That question is the heart of this chapter and, to answer it, I need to propose a new term: De facto automated rejection. Definition: where an element of a recruitment process leads to an application being either rejected or not considered, irrespective of capability, contribution, or potential alignment. That may sound an awful lot like Automated Rejection, yet it isn’t the same thing. Examples: No application after number 100 considered Illegal discrimination Legal discrimination - location, salary, industry, qualification, etc - legally permissible decisions driven by assumption Relying on configured ranking within an ATS to prioritise applications Not considering candidates who aren't picked up by a Boolean search (sourcing) Filter questions at advert stage (e.g. do you have a work permit?) Applying after the vacancy is at interview stage And many more All de facto automated rejections have one thing in common, and it isn’t automation - it’s human decision-making, including shortcuts and assumptions. Some of those examples above are cited when talking about auto-rejects. However, these are all consequences of human intervention and the choice not to intervene. There are an increasing number of AI products that automate these steps, with the requirement of human oversight - I've yet to speak to a recruiter that wholly relies on them, and few who don't view every application. This is one reason why ATS Compliance and Beat the Bots are a red herring. The advice fails not because it’s wrong, but because it optimises the wrong layer. The system is only a component in the process, governed by humans. If you misdiagnose de facto automated rejection as a technical problem, you’ll keep trying to outsmart systems instead of changing how you’re seen, found, and prioritised by people. Understanding how recruiters handle their process and giving them what they need in an application has to take priority. While the same steps that “optimise human compliance” are implicitly system-compliant. The challenge is that human compliance relies on what makes us individual: our skill level, our insight, our psychology, our biases, our resources and the time available to us. As well as how you navigate these. Without forgetting that we are people like you, often trying to do too much with too little. It’s no wonder our frustrations mirror yours, with the difference that we earn a salary for our experiences. ATS Compliance feels more comfortable, because it gives a clear direction, even if it’s the wrong one. It is true we use filters and keywords to prioritise how our applications are presented to us. We do the same when we look for candidates, whether on LinkedIn, job boards, our ATS or other means. All this does is present results in a way that allows us to spend more attention on those that meet the criteria we have set. When we review those results, the way that information is presented informs whether we progress them or not. To be human compliant, your application has to be discoverable, then it has to convert interest. Fail on either front and you’ll either be rejected or you won’t hear at all. If humans are the reasons you are rejected for reasons unrelated to capability or contribution... well, I think that’s rather more problematic than technology. Beat the Bots and ATS Compliance aren’t just a red herring - they can actively hold you back. Because they place the wrong priority by presenting a strategy, rather than simple hygiene. Your wider strategy should encompass far more than applications - getting found, starting conversations, doorknocking, networking and all these other opportunities that can get you closer to a job: These are fundamentally covered in a human compliance strategy. I just happened to call it A Career Breakdown Kit instead, with how to do these in Parts 2 and 3. I realise this may create a feeling of overwhelm, when you realise there is much more to a better application than the transactional steps of ATS compliance. Yet these same steps will improve every aspect of your job search and some are straightforward to take - go to www.bwrecruitment.co.uk/resources for the free CV template that is an easy starting point. 
By Greg Wyatt • November 11, 2026
I've written many variations on the article below, over the years, and it seems sensible to revisit given the UK government's announcements around salary transparency. On the whole, I'm for it, with the many advantages it brings. But like a lot of things in recruitment, there is a more involved discussion to be had, especially when this fix treats the symptoms, not the rot. That's not to say the fix isn't worth doing, just that it won't fix many of the problems underlying a lack of transparency. This article is a little dated, in terms of the research shared, but I think the points are as relevant as ever. Originally published May 2023 Salary on the Job Description? Yes, the headline is trolling. The question should be ‘salary on the job advert?’ You wouldn’t confuse a job description with an advert, would you? This is a subject rife with disagreement around ethics and practicality, and worth broaching again considering recent campaigns in the UK to increase salary transparency and ban the ‘what’s your current salary?’ question. Let’s focus on some practicalities first, based on UK research I ran last year for my “Accessing a Candidate Short Market” guide:  Job boards can penalise you for not listing salary. As of December 2021, Totaljobs penalises adverts that don’t list salary, and these aren’t sent out as job alerts to candidates (who may be passive). These adverts are considered sub-standard. Unlisted salaries attract fewer qualified applications. This was estimated to be between 20% and 45% fewer, across the job boards I talked to. LinkedIn reported that not only can you expect more applications, you may also expect better-qualified applications when the salary is advertised. My work supporting senior job seekers confirms this - many would not apply to adverts that had no salary or "competitive salary" because they felt this was a waste of their time. There is less emphasis on salary negotiation from the candidate side, due to transparency in pay. This is a key part of equity, relating to gender, race and intersectional identity. According to Payscale 's research, white men are most likely to negotiate the highest salary. It’s simple – if you advertise vacancies and don’t list salary, you risk receiving fewer, less suitable applications. Then there’s the ethical question, where a common argument is that there is ‘no ethical reason that salaries can’t be listed’. Now, while I’m a proponent for advertising salaries, where possible, I think this ethical argument isn’t the right one - ‘can’t be’ is a strong statement. I think a better question is ‘how does this do harm’ when establishing reasons for not listing salary. This balances pragmatism with the most important aspect of ethics. It can be a complicated question too in scenarios like this: How do you establish salary transparency for job families across multiple regions where the local pay is established by HQ in one country? Currency exchange rates and cost of living mean that a fair salary one day may not be the next, therefore flexibility in not listing salary may be ethically the right thing to do if the intent is right. What about new vacancies that serve to solve a business problem and can be recruited at different levels? What about practical situations like recruiting hard-to-fill vacancies during a wider redundancy programme, whereby listing a salary would create concern in unrelated areas of that unsettled business? It's not always as simple a question as we’d like to think. If you’re facing a complex situation in advertising a role, I recommend describing your stance in the advert itself, if you legitimately can’t state the salary. At the same time, as we’ve seen in the US, legislation to enforce salary transparency creates situations such as Netflix apparently advertising a range of $90-900k. Who does that help? The problem with this kind of legislation is that companies can comply while continuing the behaviour that led to the legislation in the first place. It’s palliative, rather than treating unfairness at its root. We should also consider the unforeseen consequence of salary transparency, such as this research which appears to show a reduced link between performance and pay: Influence of Pay Transparency Helping candidates negotiate better pay or terms is a privilege I enjoy. And there's more to understanding someone's existing remuneration than simply establishing whether they can afford to move. Sometimes these conversations reveal that someone is being underpaid. With evidence of what their experience and contribution might command elsewhere, they can go back to their current employer and make the case for a pay rise. That might mean they decide not to move at all. Which is a perfectly good outcome for them, even if it isn't for the vacancy in the short term. It also opens up the counteroffer conversation early. If their employer could resolve the reason they're considering leaving, I'd rather understand that before they accept an offer elsewhere. There's a benefit for prospective employers too. A new employer may budget £52,000 for a role, believing that to be market rate, based on historic data. But if conversations with suitably experienced candidates reveal that their existing remuneration, expectations and other opportunities consistently indicate otherwise, there's good reason to revise either the budget or the requirements. If that budget does prove unrealistic, and it's the same budget other team members are measured against, it can also create the argument to revisit everyone's salaries - subject to affordability, of course. After all, it's cheaper to retain fairly paid staff with all the knowledge they have than to replace them. Of course, conversations with candidates aren't a substitute for proper salary benchmarking. But they can reveal problems that wouldn't otherwise be apparent. There are also situations where understanding the whole package matters. What if someone currently receives a 16% pension contribution and moves to a role offering a 10% pay rise but only a 5% pension? Car allowances, RSUs, tax-efficient packages? Remuneration is a more involved conversation than simply salary. And none of this means someone's existing salary should determine what they're worth to their next employer. If their previous salary was unfair, using it to determine their next salary risks perpetuating that unfairness. And if an employer routinely offers a 15% increase on previous earnings, the new salary may have little relationship to the contribution that person can make. It makes sense to pay commensurately with contribution and capability, rather than what may be irrelevant history. So I understand the reasons for wanting to ban questions about previous salary. They're often used badly. But I think there's an important distinction between asking to establish someone's worth and asking to understand their circumstances. One can perpetuate unfairness. The other can help identify and correct it. If legislation restricts these conversations, I'll adapt how I offer this support. But I'd hope any restrictions recognise the difference between using salary history to determine an offer and voluntarily discussing remuneration to help someone make better decisions. I hope you’ve found these thoughts helpful to start a broader conversation in your business. My thoughts aren’t set in stone, so please let me know your opinions if you disagree. Thanks for reading. Regards, Greg p.s. While you are here, if you like the idea of improving how you recruit, lack capacity or need better candidates, and are curious how I can help, these are my services: Commercial, operational and technical leadership recruitment Manage part or all of your recruitment on an individually designed basis for one client Outplacement support Email me on greg.wyatt@bwrecruitment.co.uk if you'd like to discuss.