Hierarchy of Pain - Jobseeker Basics XI

Greg Wyatt • December 16, 2025

What follows is a new chapter in the 2026 edition of A Career Breakdown Kit. Aiming for a January launch. It's one of the arguments I put forward about why customising applications is less effective than presenting a strong core application.


This chapter reflects on how buyers make decisions, how this is reflected in hiring and why it matters in how you put forward your CV, application, interviews and other messages.


If you’ve ever encountered sales in your career or life you are likely familiar with the concepts of Features and Benefits.


The product is what is proposed.


Features are what it does.


Benefits are how it helps.


However there are actually three other components in this hierarchy that make up commercial messaging.

Value is what the benefits mean to you.


“Sell the sizzle, not the sausage” - the sizzle isn’t a benefit, if you don’t like sausages.


Outcomes are the tangible long-term results from using that product or service.


“Sell the picture frame, not the screwdriver” - or rather what’s in the frame. Why does it matter?


The idea being these peel back the layers of the onion to help a potential customer understand exactly What’s In It For Them.


Yet, it may not matter whatsoever if your brilliantly put together message doesn’t achieve one element - show how you heal their hidden pain.


In that frame example above, this might be a photo of a loved one, no longer with us. The photo is for our memories and feelings. The frame has to be right, to commemorate them properly. While it needs to be mounted well, using tools that make the job easier.


Could you market that loss to sell a screwdriver?


Hopefully not, though the message might be, “For memories that matter,” instead of "High Quality Screwdriver".


It's a common pain many share, yet not one you might discuss down the DIY shop.


Early in my career I had a lesson on hidden pain and its importance.


I recruited an HR Manager for a high growth business whose requirement was for someone with broad experience in a similar environment.


I presented an excellent candidate who was only available due to the shutdown of her employer - she had to stay to the final day to manage the process well, which limited her availability to start work.


That was the only reason I explained her current situation to this new employer, because redundancy management wasn’t on the job description.


She got the job!


On day one of her new employment, her role was made redundant and she was offered a retention bonus to shut down the local site - everyone was to lose their jobs.


The hidden pain here was redundancy, something not even mentioned to me during the vacancy briefing, and something I never broached with Julie.


IIRC, there was no mention of it during the interview process either.


Perhaps that’s an extreme example, but it does show what can happen behind the scenes.


And if you happened to be out of work, a fixed term contract with a retention bonus might be quite appealing.


Were you to apply to that vacancy, it would be important to highlight your redundancy experience - customising your CV might even have worked against you!


So how does this hierarchy fit within your job search?


You are the product, with your next employer on a buyer’s journey.


Your features are what you offer. In a CV this is a combination of job titles, qualifications, skills and areas of experience. It’s also your salary requirement, where you are based and other elements like Visa status and working arrangements.


Get these right and a little luck might mean they are all you need, considering that these same elements are what we source and filter on.

I expect in this market you’re in competition with many people that offer the same Features, so the differentiator is what you bring to the table uniquely.


The contexts of your career combined with how you helped, your impact, your achievements, and what the outcomes were.


Related chapters:


Principles of a Good CV

Should I customise my CV?

LinkedIn profiles that get found

LinkedIn profiles that convert


These are all resources that will help you communicate the benefits of your experience, the value you bring, the problems you solve, and the outcomes of these solutions.


As for the hidden pain question, which in many vacancies isn’t articulated, how can you unpick hidden?


Go back to why vacancies are recruited.


How did they come about in the first place?


They only fit into two piles - new and replacement. However these two piles have many subcategories relating to the problems they solve and the pain they heal.


Researching the company can help. Inside knowledge definitely helps - it’s one reason good agency recruiters will be a valuable ally.


But this knowledge isn’t always available, and sometimes the employer may not even know!


I always come back to the principle, “You can’t be all things to all people.”


And when you try to do this, you appeal to no one.


It’s one reason why using LLM style AI to customise CVs is so problematic. The output is necessarily same-same because it’s a probabilistic determination of what you want based on an aggregate of data.


It’s why, when recruiters receive a volume of AI augmented CVs, they all look the same.


Your ‘good enough’ core CV (Should I customise my CV) leans into your strengths. While you might tweak it to meet the essential requirements, in the language of the employer, this should naturally support your greatest strength - the unique fingerprint that is your career.


The downside of relying on customisation against vague, and often misrepresentative, adverts is that you can deemphasise and even remove your biggest achievements. The same achievements that would have helped you stand out.


If your application doesn’t heal the hidden pain of a vacancy, it’s either because you have not defined your strengths correctly or you aren’t that close of a fit with the actual needs of the vacancy.


An example to show this pitfall in practice.


I caught up with a friend yesterday who has resigned from a post that was missold to him.


His career is based on commercial acumen and enablement in a field that is heavily focused on risk management and compliance. So he’s already unusual in a good way (though his CV didn’t show this).


On day one of his new job, he encountered a literal unexpected disaster. While these things happen, and he managed the situation effectively, this proved a consequence of the business culture and strategy. These problems kept coming up and his functional area in the business needed a complete overhaul at executive level.


Rather than the commercial enablement picture they painted, they needed someone who relished chaos - a master of disaster.


Completely the opposite of the career Simon wants.


This isn’t something they could publicise in their recruitment process, for reputational reasons, yet it was a fundamental baked-in aspect of the role.


I’ve no doubt Simon’s CV is a match for their job description.


Yet he is not a match for their job.


What if they’d seen CVs of people who’d leant into strengths of healing dysfunction?


What if he’d leant into his strength of enablement?


He may not have left his previous job for something he went on to regret.


If you’re sceptical about how crucial hidden pain is in recruitment, think about your own hidden pain when applying for jobs.


What’s going on in your life that impacts which roles are ideal for you. The same points you might not divulge when you’re just trying to get back into employment.


Perhaps you've even experienced the pain I did when considering a hardware purchase. How did that pain inform your buying decisions?


It’s no different for employers when they consider the pain and problems inherent in their vacancy.



By Greg Wyatt February 23, 2026
What follows is Chapter 21 in A Career Breakdown Kit (2026) . It's a good example of how a job search is an inverted recruitment exercise, but also how the same principles from recruitment can be applied in a job search. Market mapping is one of the first steps of a search process in what is often called headhunting. Here though, instead of an exercise that helps find a person for a job, you help find a job for you. This can be in one chunk, at the outset, and iteratively, as you learn more information. It's a great example of how LinkedIn can be used as a data repository, given the vast majority of professionals are present here. And if they are present here, the insight that is their careers is too, allowing you to identify potential viable employers, who works there, and therefore where else they may have worked, with further potential hiring managers. The snake that eats its own tail. Try doing the iterative work above, every time you come across someone new, whether in an application or in networking . You can use this to build out your network, identify companies to contact proactively. Simon Ward and I will talk more on this in our LinkedIn Live on Tuesday February 24th at 1pm GMT. You can join us, and view the full recording afterwards, here: Is The Nature Of Networking Changing for Job Hunters? If you happen to read this as a hiring authority, market mapping is one of the invisible processes in a structured search. It can often take me 80 to 100 hours to fully map a role for potential viable candidates, given I try to find non-traditional candidates as well as those that are easier to find through sourcing. 21 - Map the market Market mapping is a common activity in executive search. Why wouldn’t you adopt the same approach in your inverse of a recruitment exercise? The idea is to fully understand your market, so that you are better able to navigate it. This is a summary chapter because market mapping is both a strategic and a tactical exercise. I’ll cover some of the How of mapping in Part Three. There are three ways in which to map the market. The vacancies you are qualified for This is about determining which vacancies you should focus your attention on. In which domains does your capability directly apply? This could be context related, if your expertise is in start-ups, growth, downsizing or other contexts. It could be industry related - your process manufacturing expertise might directly apply in food, plastics or pharmaceuticals. It could be job related, with the right applicable skills. Establish where there is a market for you, and if what you offer is needed by that market. Advice on the transferable skills trap (p55) and whether you are qualified (p178) to apply will help. The geography of your job search Where are all the employers and vacancies that you can sustainably commute to? A geographical map can help you target opportunities by region. What resources are available to help you with this map? Searching online for local business parks, even driving around them, can give a list of viable companies to contact. Directories and membership hubs. Local newspapers, social media stories. If you see a company you like the look of, say from an advert, search on their local post code. Who else might be there? The chapter on doorknocking (p241) has more ideas. The people of your network Every time you come across someone you might build a relationship with, connect with them on LinkedIn. Then check out their career history. Who else have they worked with? Where else have they worked? This works for peers, hiring managers, and recruiters - a headhunter in one company may well have worked in a similar domain in a previous one. Is there anyone at these previous companies you should introduce yourself to? What about their listed vacancies? Building out a map of relevant recruiters to develop relationships with (if they answer the phone) can lead to vacancies. Treat it as an iterative exercise. Check out the chapter on networking (p236). This map isn’t just about potential opportunity. It’s also about information that might be helpful now and in future. This might be for job leads. It might be industry insight you can share through content. It may even be topics for conversation in interviews or with peers. Make sure you track it in the right way, whether through Notion, Excel or other resources you have available. With any information, check it is accurate, then prune appropriately. Prioritise on degrees of separation (closest first) and context fit (where what you need is most closely aligned with what you offer). 
By Greg Wyatt February 19, 2026
I find myself questioning whether I effectively use AiDE, and whether it's effective enough every time I recruit. As an external partner I work low volume, which allows time to do things 'right'. However, when I take on fractional in-house work, I still deploy the same framework, even at mid volume (my highest volume was 55 vacancies in six months). Because it's scalable and can be applied across a whole recruitment system. I wouldn't recommend it to a high volume, high churn environment, though I expect they aren't reading these newsletters. It isn't just about advertising. A current vacancy is at final interview today. I ran an 'appropriate multichannel' campaign, including public advertising, networking & referrals, 'headhunting' (sourcing across LinkedIn and CV databases). My advert was a consequence of my consultations, as was the six page candidate pack provided to viable applicants. My narrow then wide sourcing strategy was a consequence of the same consultation. My written and spoken outreach was also a consequence of this. That I shared the advert and candidate pack proactively, was in part why I had a 100% response rate to my six inmails (it's a niche role in a low population area). What was also interesting was that a number of the applicants described themselves as passive, and there was a significant overlap between the 56 and the sourced longlist. I noted that one of the final interview sourced candidates had viewed the public advert after our initial conversations. I find advertising can be effective with passive candidates, because they can browse without commitment. You'll never know they were there if they don't get in touch, and they aren't going to be interested in a cookie cutter peacock advert. But that gap is a hard one to breach if all you know is "we're a market leading employer of choice". Because we rely on the evidence of what's in front of us. This is the final AiDE piece. I plan to publish this as a short paperback, given I think it stands alone as an approach that can improve your recruitment. Next week I start "Innovation from Iteration" which includes an article on why the Gemba (value from the shop floor) is valuable for recruitment. Where it relates here is that my work with job seekers, and what turns them off from enquiring to adverts, has been so helpful in finding the blind spots our habits miss. While the next series is separate, and was mainly written before AiDE, both show the modularity of recruitment and how you can experiment iteratively, layering on good foundations in a way that best works for you. As I've said before, you can see pretty much all of me through these pieces, which may help you decide whether we should ever do business together. This final piece is about how negative descriptors can attract great people. In the example above, one of the lines I lead with is "this won't be for you if you thrive in a structured, corporate environment." Both because it's true, and because it speaks to frustrations viable candidates may have. Of course I also talk about how they can make a bigger splash in a smaller pond, if they can adapt to a smaller company setting. Pushing and pulling are key tools in the AiDE framework. Negative Space June 2023 “This isn’t just any typical food manufacturing company, with an as-is workforce that only requires handholding and firefighting.” A bit of context: HR in the East of England is fragmented, with many senior HR practitioners being more of the old-school personnel approach than commercially focused. And others adopt the People title with no rhyme or reason. A common reason for commercial HR vacancies rejecting candidates who have identical CVs to successful candidates is that line above. It resonates with many commercial HR practitioners that have interviewed either as an employer or candidate. Firefighting here means the high volume of employee relations common to food manufacturing. No time to do the proactive stuff. I should point out this was a confidentially advertised vacancy. Were it branded or directly advertised, you’d need to think about how this kind of description is perceived, in case you’re seen to criticise your ‘competitors’. When I ran it on LinkedIn, there were 32 applicants, 14 of whom were auto-rejected by the killer question ‘do you have full right to work in the UK’. 10 were suitable enough to call. 2 of these were submitted to the employer, alongside 3 found through other means. 1 of them got the job. In total, I spoke to around 40 candidates before presenting this shortlist. “That line really struck a chord with me, and it’s so true of some of the companies I interviewed with last time”, said the candidate that went on to get the job. She'd also seen their original advert and not applied, because it seemed exactly the same as her current one. She wasn’t the only person to comment so. Disappointingly, not one person spotted the M&S allusion. By highlighting what it isn’t, this line draws attention to what it is: The negative space of a vacancy. It’s actually pretty simple to find this kind of example for any common skill vacancy - I include a niche HR role in this category. “What reasons have you had for declining candidates, in terms of skill sets, context or attitudes?” “Why wouldn’t someone work out in this role?” “Why did it go wrong last time?” The answer’s with the hiring manager. If it’s a role for which there are archetypes for success and failure, you can set the scene while speaking to the ikigai and experiences of your readers. We should be mindful of bias of course: “This isn’t a company with a diverse workforce or where people stay longer than a year” might be an accurate counterpoint to concerns about culture fit and institutionalisation, but perhaps not something you want to advertise. “You’ll hate it here if you’re a West Ham fan.” “If you enjoy the machinations of structured corporate life, this won’t be for you.” It’s an approach that works for many reasons: It sets the scene with texture and candour It appeals to the experiences of candidates and builds trust It tells them they aren’t going to waste their time by going for the wrong job It shows you know the truth of the vacancy, from unexpected angles For readers that enjoy “a steady reactive workload where they can support line managers through disciplinaries and grievances,” they’ll get a sense they aren’t an ideal candidate, confirmed by the rest of the advert. Nothing wrong with what they do, of course, it’s just a different type of HR. It’s an ‘essential requirement’ in disguise that helps readers make the right decision while giving an implicit and constructive reason for saying no It’s unusual enough to be a pattern interrupt that encourages credibility and to focus on the rest of the advert If relevant, I’ll include ‘negative space’ in my adverts, whether above-the-line or below-the-line. If you were wondering about the picture, which is a style you are likely familiar with – it’s Rubin’s Vase, an optical illusion whereby two faces are created from the negative space of the vase. Thanks for reading. Regards, Greg